Trauma has become a catchword of our time and a central category in contemporary theory and criticism. In this illuminating and accessible volume, Lucy Bond and Stef Craps:

• provide an account of the history of the concept of trauma from the late nineteenth century to the present day
• examine debates around the term in their historical and cultural contexts
• trace the origins and growth of literary trauma theory
• introduce the reader to key thinkers in the field
• explore important issues and tensions in the study of trauma as a cultural phenomenon
• outline and assess recent critiques and revisions of cultural trauma research

Trauma is an essential guide to a rich and vibrant area of literary and cultural inquiry.

Lucy Bond is a principal lecturer in English literature at the University of Westminster, UK.

Stef Craps is a professor of English literature at Ghent University, Belgium.

Reviews:

This book by Lucy Bond and Stef Craps highlights the discourse on trauma. Trauma is regarded as the most intricate, pervasive, severe, and repressed psychological scar that results from terrible experiences in life. It remains unresolved for decades, and generations, which recurs through nightmares, hallucinations, and flashbacks. . . . In conclusion, trauma is a universal and complex thing to be understood in today’s 21st century. With the verge of time, trauma employs various meanings which range from physical to psychological injuries. The evolution of trauma itself has a huge history and asserts cultural relevance in the public sphere. Studying the realms of trauma in an extensional way reflects the new method of analyzing trauma.
Ishani Ipsita Patel and Devendra Kumar Sharma, Social Identities (29.6 (2023))

De maneira geral, a obra é bem-sucedida em seu intento de delinear a trajetória histórica dos estudos de trauma e sua aplicação na análise literária e em outros meios de produção artística e cultural. Fatos históricos, pesquisadores, obras, estudos e termos mais importantes para o desenvolvimento do campo são apresentados ao leitor em linguagem clara e sucinta. Essa é, certamente, uma obra de referência e consulta rápida, útil para o pesquisador mais experiente, ao mesmo tempo que funciona como material introdutório de fácil acesso e entendimento para estudantes iniciantes na área. Nesse sentido, o livro cumpre sua pretendida e anunciada função de manual ou de guia, já que explora todos os momentos e temas mais relevantes para os estudos de trauma, sem deixar de suscitar reflexões sobre o tema.
Joyce Silva Fernandes, Remate de Males (41.1 (2021): 295-98)

As an introduction to trauma theory and its applications to contemporary literary, artistic, and clinical work, the volume sets a high standard. It reminds us of the limitations of trauma studies as a dominant paradigm and exposes its controversies, while endeavoring to enlarge our understanding of this huge field. Trauma will be useful as an introduction for students who struggle with omnipresent and often confusing conceptions of trauma, but professionals and scholars could equally benefit from reading through its dense but clear summaries of a vast array of sources. I recommend the book whole-heartedly to anyone with an interest or need to gain greater familiarity with the meaning and pervasiveness of trauma at this moment of history.
Lewis Kirshner, American Imago (77.4 (2020): 800-08)

Contents:

Acknowledgements

Series Editor’s Preface

Introduction: Not Even Past

1. The History of Trauma

The Origins of Hysteria

Invisible Wounds of War

An Integrated Approach

The Age of Trauma

2. Words for Wounds

Poetry after Auschwitz

Shifting Paradigms

Caruth’s Unclaimed Experience

Hartman’s Traumatic Knowledge

Felman and Laub’s Crises of Witnessing

3. Trauma Theories

Acting-Out and Working-Through

Historical and Structural Trauma

Transgenerational Trauma

Fantasies of Witnessing

Individual and Collective Trauma

4. The Future of Trauma

Decolonizing Trauma

Beyond the Trauma Canon

Perpetrator Trauma

The Trauma of the Future

Conclusion: The Limits of Trauma

Glossary

Bibliography

Index

Despite a stated commitment to cross-cultural solidarity, trauma theory – an area of cultural investigation that emerged out of the “ethical turn” affecting the humanities in the 1990s – is marked by a Eurocentric, monocultural bias. This book takes issue with the tendency of the founding texts of the field to marginalize or ignore traumatic experiences of non-Western or minority groups, and to take for granted the universal validity of definitions of trauma and recovery that have developed out of the history of Western modernity. Moreover, it questions the assumption that a modernist aesthetic of fragmentation and aporia is uniquely suited to the task of bearing witness to trauma, and criticizes the neglect of the connections between metropolitan and non-Western or minority traumas. Combining theoretical argument with literary case studies, Postcolonial Witnessing contends that the suffering engendered by colonialism needs to be acknowledged more fully, on its own terms, in its own terms, and in relation to traumatic First World histories if trauma theory is to redeem its promise of cross-cultural ethical engagement.

Shortlisted for the 2014 ESSE Book Award

One of Times Higher Education‘s Books of 2013

Endorsements and reviews:

In this beautifully and clearly written book, Stef Craps leads trauma theory away from its Eurocentric past and towards a decolonized future. Arguing that the traumas of non-Western populations should be acknowledged for their own sake and on their own terms, Postcolonial Witnessing demonstrates through its exemplary discussion of literary texts including the works of Anita Desai and Caryl Phillips how literary analysis can become a part of that process. Timely, provocative, and destined to be widely read, this book makes a path-breaking contribution to memory, trauma, and literary studies.
Susannah Radstone, University of East London

Bridging the gap between Jewish and postcolonial studies, Stef Craps’s new postcolonial reading of the work of Sindiwe Magona, David Dabydeen, Fred D’Aguiar, Caryl Phillips, and Anita Desai covers exciting new ground in trauma theory. Challenging the hegemonic framings of the dominant ‘trauma aesthetic,’ Craps broadens our understanding of traumatic experience by examining literary works that depict life under South African apartheid, the Middle Passage, the links between histories of black and Jewish suffering, and those between the Holocaust and colonialism. This is a fine study and a welcome addition to the field of trauma studies.
Victoria Burrows, University of Sydney

Rereading @stefcraps Postcolonial Witnessing — it’s intellectually sparkling and beautifully written, a superb example of quality critique.
John McLeod, University of Leeds

Stef Craps’ Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds is a brilliant and important book, a book that one hopes will initiate a new phase in postcolonial and trauma studies. In a highly theoretical area such as postcolonialism, the clarity and concreteness of Craps’ approach is extremely refreshing. What is inspiring about this study is how it addresses the importance of the textual rendering of the traumatic experience as well as the relevance of testimony and of the ethical responsibility of the audience, and pushes for a careful analysis of the “signifying” work of the literary text that is virtually unseen in postcolonial studies done today.
Simona Bertacco, Témoigner: Entre histoire et mémoire (121 (Oct. 2015): 165-66)

Stef Craps’s Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds serves as a wonderful starting point for anyone interested in recent critical paths in trauma studies. Not only does it give a good overview and critique of foundational early work by such scholars as Cathy Caruth, Shoshana Felman, Dori Laub, Dominic LaCapra, and Geoffrey H. Hartman, but it also brings together the work of many recent scholars who, like the author of this monograph, have noted trauma studies’ exclusions of various groups and types of traumatic experiences. In covering this vast amount of critical territory and doing so with adept and cogent arguments, Postcolonial Witnessing proves itself a particularly useful and important introduction to the field for both students and other scholars seeking entry.
Veronica Austen, Canadian Review of Comparative Literature / Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée (42.3 (Sept. 2015): 334-37)

Craps makes a compelling case for the need to expand the current event-based model to ‘alternative conceptualizations of trauma’ proposed by postcolonial critiques, such as ‘insidious trauma,’ ‘continuous traumatic stress,’ ‘cumulative trauma,’ or ‘oppression-based trauma.’ . . . His skillful analysis of these texts is particularly relevant for scholars of literature, but Craps also weaves into his readings insights gained from the theoretical literature . . . Craps’ fine study . . .
Björn Krondorfer, theologie.geschichte (10 (2015))

. . . successful engagement with postcolonial theory and memory studies . . . There is an unquestionable sincerity of critical engagement with the very vast body of literature both critics discuss. They explain theoretical ideas with a clarity and conciseness that indicates their extensive knowledge of scholarship in the area. In the tradition of effective postcolonial critique, the authors also mention the literary and social implications of their work. For Craps this involves an ‘inclusive and culturally sensitive trauma theory’ that opens up the possibility of ‘a more just future’ . . . Scholars and students of contemporary postcolonial literature will find these books useful as maps of the fields of cross-cultural and memory studies.
Kanika Batra, Wasafiri (30.2 (Feb. 2015): 90-91)

Postcolonial Witnessing represents a major contribution to the field of trauma studies in that it calls for a conversation between the historically discrete, if not self-isolating, fields of trauma theory and postcolonial studies. . . . In conclusion, Stef Craps’ Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds is a text that has, without a doubt, pushed the field of trauma studies towards a more positive and critical direction of analysis and ethical engagement. Scholars of trauma and postcolonial theory alike have much to benefit from Craps’ book. With that said, this text proves equally beneficial to many other fields of study, such as political science, international relations, human rights, history, anthropology and sociology, to name a few. Another strength of Postcolonial Witnessing is that it has the potential to influence spheres of policy and practice beyond the realm of the academy. . . . A fundamental leap in the right direction, Postcolonial Witnessing opens a path for new, more generative theorizations of trauma.
Enmanuel Martínez, e-misférica (11.1 (2014))

Stef Craps’s Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds attempts to adapt the rather recent advances of trauma theory to postcolonial theory and despite its flaws, it is one of the more important texts on trauma theory in recent time. . . . overall it is a very strong look at trauma studies.
Henry James Morello, The Comparatist (38 (Oct. 2014): 345-47)

Stef Craps’ Postcolonial Witnessing: Trauma Out of Bounds is a timely and much needed corrective to the polarized debate – particularly in postcolonial studies – around the uses and abuses of trauma theory. . . . I strongly recommend Postcolonial Witnessing to anyone interested in future applications of trauma theory in various fields of study, especially postcolonial literature.
Fred Ribkoff, Postcolonial Text (9.1 (2014))

Stef Craps’s excellent study calls for the decolonizing of trauma theory and begins from the premise that its founding texts have failed to live up to the promise of cross-cultural ethical engagement. In a carefully argued thesis, he accuses trauma theory of Eurocentric bias in four crucial ways . . . Overall, this short book advances an eloquent plea to rethink trauma from a postcolonial perspective in order to listen to the suffering of Others beyond the western purview and, thereby, in Craps’s words, ‘remain faithful to the ethical foundation of the field’.
Sonya Andermahr, Journal of Postcolonial Writing (49.4 (2013): 494-96)

Despite the seriousness of the topic, the clarity and flow of Craps’s writing makes Postcolonial Witnessing a joy. . . . This is a book that engages with current debates in a lively and interesting way and is sure to be of interest to scholars of trauma, postcolonialism, cultural memory studies and related fields. Its clear structure and thorough consideration of foundational and recent literature, including an excellent index and bibliography, will also make it a useful text to those who are new to the topic. In fact, the book’s strong argument, clear structure and engaging prose make Postcolonial Witnessing an example of what an academic text should be.
Alison Atkinson-Phillips, Dialogues on Historical Justice and Memory (20 Nov. 2013)

Contents:

Acknowledgements

Preface (by Rosanne Kennedy)

Introduction

Chapter 1: The Trauma of Empire

Broadening the Focus

The Perils of Appropriation

Chapter 2: The Empire of Trauma

A Product of History

Trauma and the Everyday

Pioneering Postcolonial Trauma Theory

Sticking to the Event-Based Model

Tainted Origins

Chapter 3: Beyond Trauma Aesthetics

Modernist Attachments

Positioning the Reader

Chapter 4: Ordinary Trauma in Sindiwe Magona’s Mother to Mother

The TRC and the Persistence of the Past

Mother to Mother as a Literary Response to the TRC

Chapter 5: Mid-Mourning in David Dabydeen’s “Turner” and Fred D’Aguiar’s Feeding the Ghosts

Hauntology and Mid-Mourning

“Turner” and the Oppressive Weight of History

Feeding the Ghosts and the Unending Voyage of the Zong

Chapter 6: Cross-Traumatic Affiliation

Memory beyond the Nation-State

Bridging the Gap between Jewish and Postcolonial Studies

Chapter 7: Jewish/Postcolonial Diasporas in the Work of Caryl Phillips

Caryl Phillips and the Jewish Experience

Parallel Histories in Higher Ground and The Nature of Blood

Difference and Distance in Higher Ground

Complex Relations in The Nature of Blood

Trauma, Diaspora, and Incomparability

Chapter 8: Entangled Memories in Anita Desai’s Baumgartner’s Bombay

Circular Movements

Cross-Cultural Incomprehension

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Index

This book offers a critical reading of the novels of Graham Swift in light of recent developments in literary theory and criticism. It shows how the novels elaborate an ethics of alterity by means of a detailed study of one of Swift’s most persistent and fascinating – yet all too often ignored – concerns: the traumatic experience of reality.

Swift’s texts evoke the cultural pathologies of a nation (post-war Britain) and an era (modernity) through the narratives of individual characters who are struggling to come to terms with a traumatic personal and collective past. This study charts the entire trajectory of Swift’s engagement with the perils, pitfalls and possibilities of navigating a post-traumatic condition, proceeding from an emphasis on denial in his early work, through an intense preoccupation with the demands of trauma in the “middle-period” novels (including Waterland), to a seemingly liberating insistence on regeneration and renewal in Last Orders and The Light of Day.

By providing a wide-ranging and in-depth analysis of Swift’s novels against the background of the “ethical turn” in literary studies and the emergence of trauma theory, this book extends and enriches our understanding of what is arguably one of the most significant literary oeuvres of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

Shortlisted for the 2006 ESSE Book Award

Endorsements and reviews:

This excellent book is a detailed, carefully balanced and well-informed study of this major contemporary writer. Most impressively, it has a strong grasp of both the complex currents of Swift’s fiction and of current debates in literary studies and theory over issues of trauma and ethics. Indeed, Stef Craps’ luminous and detailed study, while more than this, could be seen as a case study for the effectiveness of these ideas for understanding a major contemporary writer. Certainly, it will shape how Swift’s writing is understood.
Robert Eaglestone, Royal Holloway, University of London

This book not only offers brilliant analyses of Swift’s novels, it also makes a significant impact on trauma studies. Craps argues that traumatic histories are the central themes in Swift’s literary oeuvre. But more importantly, he demonstrates that Swift’s own medium – storytelling – is crucial in working through trauma.
Ernst van Alphen, University of Leiden / University of California, Berkeley

Working across the fields of ethical criticism and trauma theory, this volume offers a detailed and innovative study of the fiction of Graham Swift, providing perceptive readings of all his major novels. . . . overall, this is a clearly argued, intelligent and engaging study, which makes valuable contributions both to the field of trauma studies and to Swift criticism.
Anne Whitehead, English Studies (88.6 (2007): 737-38)

Understatements have certainly become Swift’s speciality, resounding throughout his fictions of ethical consequence illuminated by Stef Craps in this valuable new study. Craps’s approach is far from pedestrian. Within its single-author format, what makes this book distinctive is that it proceeds chronologically while working hard to focus its thematic coverage, distinguishing itself from a standard text-by-text exposition.
David James, Textual Practice (20.2 (2006): 355-61)

[This book] deserves to be widely known and discussed among those interested in Swift’s novels. . . . The virtues of Craps’s study are considerable. These include close and subtle argument, a consistent vision of what he wants to say, and a clarity of exposition. In addition, Craps puts Swift’s work in an interesting and complex European context. . . . In short, Trauma and Ethics in the Novels of Graham Swift is an excellent study that will play an important role in Swift studies for a long time.
David Malcolm, The European English Messenger (14.2 (2005): 88-89)

Contents:

Acknowledgements
Abbreviations

Introduction: Walking Wounded

1 What Went Before: A Swift Survey

2 Burying ‘Undying Memories’: Traumatic Denial in The Sweet Shop Owner

3 Getting Rid of ‘Needless Painful Knowledge’: Problem Dissolving in Shuttlecock

4 ‘To Be Realistic’: Close Encounters of a Traumatic Kind in Waterland

5 Cathartic Fables, Fabled Catharses: Photography, Fiction and Ethics in Out of this World

6 When Mourning Comes: Ever After, or The World Well Won

7 ‘All the Same Underneath’? Sympathy and Ethics in Last Orders

8 Adieu: Stepping into The Light of Day

Conclusion: A Pathless Path

Notes
Bibliography
Index